A Contextualized Model of Skill Training Finance in Underprivileged Areas Based on Social Impact Approach: The Capacity of Pension Funds and Innovative Financial Instruments

The objective of this study is to design an innovative model for financing skill-based training in underprivileged regions of Iran, utilizing the investment potential of pension funds and encouraging private sector participation. To this end, a qualitative-analytical research methodology was employed, involving semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 subject-matter experts and thematic analysis of the data using MAXQDA software. The resulting conceptual model is based on Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) within the framework of Public–Private Partnership (PPP), with a focus on the long-term investment role of pension funds. The findings indicate that the proposed model ensures sustainable financial returns (ranging from 12% to 17%) and yields a Social Return on Investment (SROI) of approximately 3.65:1. It also contributes to reducing unemployment, fostering regional development, and enhancing the social responsibility of financial institutions. In this model, the government assumes the role of regulator and minimum-return guarantor, with disbursements contingent upon the achievement of key performance indicators (KPIs) such as employment rate and job sustainability. The results highlight the model's effectiveness under varying economic conditions and emphasize the necessity of establishing legal mechanisms and independent evaluation systems for its successful implementation. As a contextualized and policy-receptive framework, the model holds practical applicability for social policymaking and responsible investment strategies.