شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از کووید-19: کاربست مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و مدل PEN-3

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده
داود مهرابی
پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
چکیده
شیوع کووید-19 موجب برجسته‌تر شدن نقش ارتباطات سلامت در مواجهه با بحران‌های سلامت به ویژه انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانۀ فردی در مقابله با چنین بحران‌هایی شد. پژوهش حاضر درصدد شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از کووید-19 با بکارگیری مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و مدل PEN-3 در بین جامعه ایرانی است. این مطالعه مقطعی از نوع همبستگی در سال 1401 به صورت آنلاین و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری غیراحتمالی انجام شد. جامعه ‌آماری شامل کاربران بالای 18 سال بودند. سئوالات مربوط به مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد اخذ شدند و سئوالات مدل PEN-3 محقق‌ساخته بودند. 422 مشارکت‌کننده به پرسشنامه این پژوهش پاسخ دادند. تحلیل‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 26 و با بهره‌گیری از توزیع فراوانی داده‌ها، میانگین، انحراف معیار، آزمون پیرسون، و آزمون رگرسیون خطی ‌چندگانه انجام شد. از 6 رفتار مورد بررسی، شستشوی دست‌ها (1/3 از 5) و استفاده از دستکش (9/0 از 5) به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میانگین را کسب کردند. انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانه با ادراکات، خودکارآمدی درک‌شده، شدت درک‌شده، نشانه‌های اقدام، سن، سطح تحصیلات، وضعیت اقتصادی، وضعیت واکسیناسیون، و سابقه خانوادگی ابتلا به کووید-19 همبستگی مثبتی داشتند. پژوهش حاضر قادر به پیش‌بینی 52 درصد (R2: .516) از واریانس انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانه در بین نمونه مورد مطالعه بود. با توجه به میزان پیش‌بینی کنندگی، مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی، مدل PEN-3، و همچنین ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی، محققان ارتباطات سلامت و برنامه‌‌های حوزه آموزش و ارتقاء سلامت می‌توانند از این مدل‌ها در مداخلات سلامت‌محور به ویژه در زمان شیوع بیماری‌ها استفاده نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying factors affecting Performing Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19: Application of Health Belief Model and PEN-3

نویسنده English

Davood Mehrabi
Faculty of Cultural Studies and Communication, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the role of health communication in health crises, particularly performing individual preventive behaviors to cope with such situations. By applying Health Belief Model (HBM) and PEN-3 model, this study aimed to identify factors affecting performing preventive behaviors against COVID-19. Using a non-probability sampling method, this correlational online cross-sectional study conducted in 2022. The population of the study included Internet users older than 18 years old. HBM and preventive behaviors questions adopted form previous studies and PEN-3 questions developed by the researcher. 422 respondents completed the research questionnaire. SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive and inferential analysis namely as frequency, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Among six behaviors under investigation, washing hands (3.1 out of 5) and using gloves (0.9 out of 5) had the highest and lowest mean respectively. Performing preventive behaviors were positively correlated with perceptions, perceived self-efficacy, perceived severity, cues to action, age, educational level, economic status, vaccination status, and family history of the COVID-19. The present study predicted about 52% (R2: .516) of the variance of performing preventive behaviors among the studied sample. Considering this predictability of health belief model, PEN-3, demographic traits, health communication scholars and health education and promotion programs can utilize these models and constructs in health-relation intervention particularly in the face of pandemics.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Preventive Behaviors
COVID-19
Health Belief Model
PEN-3
Health Communication
  •  
  • مهرابی، داود. (1400). کاربست مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی با هدف شناسایی پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های قصد انجام غربالگری سرطان روده بزرگ. کومش.  دوره ۲۴، شماره ۱. صص :۶۹-۷۷
  • دلشاد نوقابی، علی؛ یوشنی، نوشین؛ محمدزاده، فاطمه؛ جوانبخت، سارا. (1399). یشگویی کننده های رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از ابتلا به کووید-۱۹ در جمعیت ایرانی بالای ۱۵ سال: کاربردی از مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران. دوره ۳۰، شماره ۱۹۱. صص :۱۳-۲۱
  • خزائی پول، مریم؛ شهروسوند، شکوه؛ نقیبی، سید ابوالحسن. (1399). پیش بینی رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از کووید-۱۹ بر اساس سازه های مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی (HBM): مطالعه مبتنی بر اینترنت در جمعیت استان مازندران. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران. دوره ۳۰ ، شماره ۱۹۰. صص :۵۶-۶۶
  • نقیبی، ابوالحسن؛ جمشیدی، پروانه؛ یزدانی، جمشید؛ رستمی فرشته. (1395). شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با غربالگری سرطان پستان بر اساس الگوی PEN-۳ در معلمان شهر کرمانشاه. آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت. دوره  ۴، شماره 1. صص :۵۸-۶۴

 

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  • Glanz, K., & Bishop, D. B. (2010). The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions. Annual review of public health, 31, 399-418. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103604
  • Hsing, J. C., Ma, J., Barrero-Castillero, A., Jani, S. G., Pulendran, U. P., Lin, B.,... Wang, C. J. (2021). Influence of Health Beliefs on Adherence to COVID-19 Preventative Practices: International, Social Media–Based Survey Study. J Med Internet Res, 23(2), e23720. doi:10.2196/23720
  • Huang, H. T., Tsai, C.-H., Wang, C. F., Chien, T. C., & Chang, S. H. (2023). Exploration of COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention Behaviors among HealthcareWorkers. Healthcare, 11(153). doi:doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020153
  • Iwelunmor, J., Newsome, V., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2014). Framing the impact of culture on health: a systematic review of the PEN-3 cultural model and its application in public health research and interventions. Ethn Health, 19(1), 20-46. doi:10.1080/13557858.2013.857768
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    • جامعه فرهنگ رسانه
    دوره 12، شماره 48
    پاییز 1402
    صفحه 247-268

    • تاریخ دریافت 20 خرداد 1402
    • تاریخ بازنگری 03 مهر 1402
    • تاریخ پذیرش 10 مهر 1402