مدل قدرت‌بخشی رسمی‌ساز برای کارگران غیررسمی زن: استراتژی‌های خروج از بخش غیررسمی اقتصاد در کشورهای در حال توسعه

Informal employment of women, as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, originates from structural and individual deficiencies that, through various mechanisms, push women toward the informal labor market. This study, focusing on the concept of "formalization empowerment," aims to explore the challenges and strategies for informal women workers to exit the cycle of inequality and improve their social status. Using a qualitative methodology and thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 32 informal women workers and 14 experts in Tehran province, the findings reveal that women face four main deficiencies—psychological, social, economic, and legal—that result in systematic exploitation and the persistence of their marginalization. These challenges include lack of self-esteem and confidence (psychological), limited access to financial resources and market-oriented skills (economic), insufficient social support and self-help networks (social), and unawareness of labor rights (legal). The "formalization empowerment" model is introduced as a key strategy to enhance the status of informal women workers by strengthening these dimensions. This model emphasizes awareness-raising, micro-networking, economic empowerment, and legal support, facilitating the transition from informal to formal employment. The study concludes that effective implementation of this strategy requires collaboration among policymakers, social workers, and non-governmental organizations to reduce gender inequalities and improve working conditions for women through integrated programs.