نوع مقاله : علمی
نویسنده
گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
مقولۀ ادبیات در آثار بوردیو ، جایگاه بسیار مهمی به خود اختصاص داده است: مفهوم میدان او برای اولین بار دربارۀ ادبیات به‌کار رفت. در حالی‌که جامع‌ترین و نظام‌مندترین، نظریۀ پردازیاش دربارۀ مفهوم میدان در کتاب قواعد هنر دیده می‌شود؛ این کتاب به ادبیات و هنر می‌پردازد. به راستی چه تبیینی می‌توان برای ارتباط و مناسبتِ این موارد با مطالعۀ نظری بوردیو در نظر گرفت؟ علاقۀ بوردیو به هنر و ادبیات در نگاه اول شاید تا اندازه‌ای، تعجب‌آور و دور از ذهن به نظر برسد اگر جامعه‌شناسی فرهنگ بوردیو را در محدودترین و سخت‌گیرانه‌ترین معنا، صرفاً جنبه‌ای از مطالعۀ وسیع‌تر او دربارۀ نظریۀ عام «جهان اجتماعی» قلمداد کند.در بخش اول این مقاله برای تبیین اینکه چرا بوردیو این موارد را انتخاب کرد و زمینۀ ملی و بین‌المللی را که از خلال آن، نظریه‌اش ساخته شده است، بررسی خواهیم کرد. من نشان خواهم داد که در فضای روشنفکری فرانسه و به‌طور خاص در این دوره، ادبیات، موضوعِ (پدیده) نظریِ محوری‌ای بوده است. در زمینۀ بین‌المللی نیز توجهی که به ادبیات مبذول می‌شود، از طریقِ اهمیت پدیده‌ها به لحاظ نمادین در سنت نظری معاصر توجیه می‌شود.
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