تأملی درباره پدیده پوپولیسم و انواع آن

It may be said that one of the important signs of the present era in the 21st century is the growing rise of populism in various dimensions. populist triumphs in the different countries are confirming the premise. But what is populism? And who is a populist? Populism is one of the most challenging concepts, although they are very important, but there are no single and agreed definition of them. In This article deals with the dualities of "right populism" and "left populism" and their definitions and differences. right populism, represented by nationalism, immigration, hostility to the ruling parties, politicians and their corruption, has seven indicators: "criticizing the elite and relying on common sense", "full representation of the holy people", "the importance of the leader." And the insignificance of the organization ("disillusioned society"), " populism generated of democracy but a danger to it", "the non-liberalization of populism", "the anti-liberalism of populism" and "the moral representation and not the politicization of populism". And, following, left populism is explained by the work of two of its prominent theorists, Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, who is committed to the Marxist narrative and critical of neoliberal hegemony, and populism is therefore the political crisis of liberal democracy. It does not seek to break with liberal democracy but seeks to consolidate and expand democracy against a common opposition called oligarchy dominated by neoliberalism, which is why we are talking about "returning to politics" or "returning to the people.