Document Type : researcher
Authors
1
PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, International Relations Major, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
2
Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Imam Sadeq University, Tehran, Iran
3
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, International Relations Orientation, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
10.22034/scm.2025.547918.1949
Abstract
During the transition of the international environment from the flexible bipolar system (1945-1990), the concept of strategic alignment faced fundamental challenges in international relations. The traditional balance of power, defined for Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries within the prevailing atmosphere, was redefined in the 20th century as an arms race and hardware competition between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. With the transformation of the bipolar system and the fundamental shift in the structure of international rules and relations since the 1990s, the crisis of authority legitimacy emerged. The key factor that exacerbated the perplexity of hard power in strategic alignments across the world and regions is the process of globalization. The globalization of information and communication led to increased transparency of power, heightened demands, and accountability of transnational, subnational, and lateral power structures. The 21st century world faces divergence across all domains of power, which has contributed to intra-structural crises within political units in regions such as the Middle East. The prevailing conditions of the 21st century have transformed the perception of power concepts in all spheres.
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