نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی

چکیده

شیوع کووید-19 موجب برجسته‌تر شدن نقش ارتباطات سلامت در مواجهه با بحران‌های سلامت به ویژه انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانۀ فردی در مقابله با چنین بحران‌هایی شد. پژوهش حاضر درصدد شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از کووید-19 با بکارگیری مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و مدل PEN-3 در بین جامعه ایرانی است. این مطالعه مقطعی از نوع همبستگی در سال 1401 به صورت آنلاین و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری غیراحتمالی انجام شد. جامعه ‌آماری شامل کاربران بالای 18 سال بودند. سئوالات مربوط به مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد اخذ شدند و سئوالات مدل PEN-3 محقق‌ساخته بودند. 422 مشارکت‌کننده به پرسشنامه این پژوهش پاسخ دادند. تحلیل‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 26 و با بهره‌گیری از توزیع فراوانی داده‌ها، میانگین، انحراف معیار، آزمون پیرسون، و آزمون رگرسیون خطی ‌چندگانه انجام شد. از 6 رفتار مورد بررسی، شستشوی دست‌ها (1/3 از 5) و استفاده از دستکش (9/0 از 5) به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میانگین را کسب کردند. انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانه با ادراکات، خودکارآمدی درک‌شده، شدت درک‌شده، نشانه‌های اقدام، سن، سطح تحصیلات، وضعیت اقتصادی، وضعیت واکسیناسیون، و سابقه خانوادگی ابتلا به کووید-19 همبستگی مثبتی داشتند. پژوهش حاضر قادر به پیش‌بینی 52 درصد (R2: .516) از واریانس انجام رفتارهای پیشگیرانه در بین نمونه مورد مطالعه بود. با توجه به میزان پیش‌بینی کنندگی، مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی، مدل PEN-3، و همچنین ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی، محققان ارتباطات سلامت و برنامه‌‌های حوزه آموزش و ارتقاء سلامت می‌توانند از این مدل‌ها در مداخلات سلامت‌محور به ویژه در زمان شیوع بیماری‌ها استفاده نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

  •  
  • مهرابی، داود. (1400). کاربست مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی با هدف شناسایی پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های قصد انجام غربالگری سرطان روده بزرگ. کومش.  دوره ۲۴، شماره ۱. صص :۶۹-۷۷
  • دلشاد نوقابی، علی؛ یوشنی، نوشین؛ محمدزاده، فاطمه؛ جوانبخت، سارا. (1399). یشگویی کننده های رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از ابتلا به کووید-۱۹ در جمعیت ایرانی بالای ۱۵ سال: کاربردی از مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران. دوره ۳۰، شماره ۱۹۱. صص :۱۳-۲۱
  • خزائی پول، مریم؛ شهروسوند، شکوه؛ نقیبی، سید ابوالحسن. (1399). پیش بینی رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از کووید-۱۹ بر اساس سازه های مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی (HBM): مطالعه مبتنی بر اینترنت در جمعیت استان مازندران. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران. دوره ۳۰ ، شماره ۱۹۰. صص :۵۶-۶۶
  • نقیبی، ابوالحسن؛ جمشیدی، پروانه؛ یزدانی، جمشید؛ رستمی فرشته. (1395). شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با غربالگری سرطان پستان بر اساس الگوی PEN-۳ در معلمان شهر کرمانشاه. آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت. دوره  ۴، شماره 1. صص :۵۸-۶۴

 

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Airhihenbuwa, C., Iwelunmor, J., Munodawafa, D., Ford, C., Oni, T., Agyemang, C., . . . Okosun, I. (2020). Culture Matters in Communicating the Global Response to COVID-19. 17(2000245). doi:10.5888/
  • Airhihenbuwa, C., Okoror, T., Shefer, T., Brown, D., Iwelunmor, J., Smith, E.,... Shisana, O. (2009). Stigma, Culture, and HIV and AIDS in the Western Cape, South Africa: An Application of the PEN-3 Cultural Model for Community-Based Research. J Black Psychol, 35(4), 407-432. doi:10.1177/0095798408329941
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  • Iwelunmor, J., Newsome, V., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2014). Framing the impact of culture on health: a systematic review of the PEN-3 cultural model and its application in public health research and interventions. Ethn Health, 19(1), 20-46. doi:10.1080/13557858.2013.857768
  • Jose, R., Narendran, M., Bindu, A., Beevi, N., L, M., & Benny, P. V. (2021). Public perception and preparedness for the pandemic COVID 19: A Health Belief Model approach. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 9, 41-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.06.009
  • Karimy, M., Bastami, F., Sharifat, R., Heydarabadi, A. B., Hatamzadeh, N., Pakpour, A. H.,... Araban, M. (2021). Factors related to preventive COVID-19 behaviors using health belief model among general population: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1934. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11983-3
  • Khazaee-Pool, M., Shahrvsand, S., & Naghibi, S. A. (2020). Predicting Covid-19 Preventive Behaviors Based on Health Belief Model: An Internet-Based Study in Mazandaran Province, Iran. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 30(190), 56-66 [In Persian].
  • McCullock, S. P., M. Hildenbrand, G., Schmitz, K. J., & Perrault, E. K. (2021). The state of health communication research: A content analysis of articles published in Journal of Health Communication and Health Communication (2010-2019). J Health Commun, 26(1), 28-38. doi:10.1080/10810730.2021.1879320
  • Mehrabi, D. (2022). Application of health belief model to identify predictors of colorectal cancer screening intention. Koomesh journal, 24(1), 69-77 [In Persian].
  • Mirzaei, A., Kazembeigi, F., Kakaei, H., Jalilian, M., Mazloomi, S., & Nourmoradi, H. (2021). Application of health belief model to predict COVID-19-preventive behaviors among a sample of Iranian adult population. J Edu Health Promot, 10(69), 1-7. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_747_20
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